This project will address the much needed opportunity to provide water in critical locations for wildlife species within the Oak Creek Management Unit. Water is critical during all aspect of the year, water for wildlife is no different, the need to create, repair and or develop water is becoming ever more important across our western landscapes. This project will address replacing/installing two (2) 1,800 gallon Boss Tank Guzzlers in locations where fire destroyed one and another one that is in disarray due to heavy winds that created structural damage to the apron and is non functioning.

The ever changing aspect of developing additional water sources is critical. Water developments may consist of water troughs, overflow ponds, large neoprene aprons to collect rain water or the enclosed Boss Tank type guzzlers designed to catch rain water with or with out an apron. Rainwater collection and storage within the Boss Tank type guzzler will be an estimated 1,800 gallons. Water access is through a designed drinker with the guzzler designed for wildlife use. The objectives are to disperse water in drier habitat areas where wildlife species can utilize water year around. In addition information from the new Statewide Mule Deer Plan States: The spatial distribution of mule deer populations is often positively associated with the availability of water in arid regions of western North America (Hervert and Krausman 1986, Boroski and Mossman 1996). Consequently, recent work by state wildlife agencies depicts large expanses of the intermountain West ecoregion as water-limiting to mule deer (Wasley et al. 2008). Wildlife water developments, or guzzlers, can help provide water to mule deer in arid areas, but need to be designed and placed in areas conducive to use by mule deer. To maximize benefits to mule deer, guzzlers should be built in areas used by females with young and spaced less than 5 km from other water sources. Fencing should be of sufficient size to allow access Krausman et al. 2006, Larsen et al. 2011, Shields et al. 2012). Other Objectives: 1- Increase year round water distribution within the Oak Creek WMU 2- Continue to have functioning water storage systems with limited maintenance/repairs. 3- Install guzzlers that have a large storage for water that will last through critical months. 4- Provide year round water that has the potential to support resident and migratory wildlife. 5- Proper locations and installation of the guzzlers are critical to wildlife, security, proper habitat and escape cover plays a big role in wildlife usage.

This Big Game Guzzler Project is well overdue, the "Why Here? Why Now? justification and aspect is simply stated that they need to be replaced and upgraded. Both of these guzzlers over the past several years have sustained major damage to them. The Cove Fort Location was burned in a wildfire and the apron and drinker are in major need of repairs. The North Hills location has been talked about for several years about replacing and reconstructing the entire guzzler complex. Both site are warranted for major repair and overhaul to allow water to be utilized. Both areas have been identified by MDF, NWTF, BLM and UDWR as areas of need for year round water for wildlife. Several days of hard work will allow for improved water catchment, sustained water quality and quantity, maximize storage for water through critical times of the year, improved wildlife body conditions and fawn and calf survival can all contribute to improve water sources on the landscape. Attached are some cited information that pertains to water for wildlife projects talking about deer use and body conditions along with vegetation and habitat needs as well: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3483670/#sec4 - Females are more likely to use multiple water sources than males are. Deer rely heavily on the water sources in the drought years and although bucks don't use the water sources as much in wet years, females still heavily use free water sources under any climatic conditions. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014019631500141X - Mule deer select for areas closer to water during all seasons. It supports drawing deer to underutilized habitat by providing them the water they need to remain in the surrounding area.

The pinyon-juniper and big sagebrush areas lie within the Mountain Sagebrush Steppe Habitat type which is one of the key habitats identified in the WAP (Wildlife Action Plan). The proposed project will address some of the habitat management strategies outlined in the bighorn sheep, mule deer and elk management plans for herd unit 21 (Fillmore Oak Creek Unit ) including: *Continue to improve and restore sagebrush steppe habitats critical to deer according to DWRs Habitat Initiative. *Maintain habitat quantity and quality at a level adequate to support the stated population objectives while at the same time not resulting in an overall downward trend in range condition and watershed quality. *Work cooperatively with land management agencies and private landowners and or grazing permittee to plan and implement improvement projects for the purpose of enhancing wildlife habitat and livestock range resources in general. *The project also helps fulfill the state mule deer management plan section IV Habitat Goal: Conserve and improve mule deer habitat throughout the state with emphasis on crucial/critical ranges. *The proposed project will address the following goals and objectives of the Division of Wildlife Resources most recent strategic management plan: *Resource Goal: expand wildlife populations and conserve sensitive species by protecting and improving wildlife habitat. *Objective 1: protect existing wildlife habitat and improve 500,000 acres of critical habitats and watersheds throughout the state. *Objective 3: conserve sensitive species to prevent them from becoming listed as threatened or endangered. *Constituency Goal: Achieve broad-based support for Division programs and budgets by demonstrating the value of wildlife to all citizens of Utah. *Objective 2: improve communication with wildlife organizations, public officials, private landowners, and government agencies to obtain support for Division programs. *UDWR SR critical big game winter range are important browse communities that need to be enhanced and improved. The Division will employ a variety of methods to achieve this including prescribed grazing, prescribed burning, reseeding and seedling transplants, also mechanical treatments. Priority areas will include sagebrush-steppe and mountain browse communities. Falls within the rangeland focus area for WRI wildlife species for mule deer and elk. Utah Wildlife Action Plan, 2015 Publication Number 15-14, State of Utah, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources, Effective 2015-2025 -- Promoting and funding restoration that reduces the uncharacteristic and surpluses of older age class, including: Dixie/chain harrow, brush mowing or other treatments that reduce the older age class and stimulate the younger/mid age classes; herbicide or mechanical treatments single tree mulching/cutting of invading conifer. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Statewide Management Plan for Mule Deer 2025-2030 States: Habitat Objective 2: Improve the quality and quantity of vegetation for mule deer on a minimum of 600,000 acres of crucial range by 2030 Implications: Habitat will need to be improved on at least 600,000 acres of crucial mule deer range to meet the population objectives in this plan. If habitat improvement projects cannot be completed because of inadequate funding, environmental restrictions, or unfavorable climatic conditions, population objectives may not be achieved. Additionally, because habitat treatments often require a number of years before they provide optimal benefits to mule deer, and if large catastrophic wildfires and energy developments continue to negatively impact crucial mule deer ranges, the population and habitat goals of this plan may not be achieved within the 6-year life of this plan. Strategies: A. Utah's Watershed Restoration Initiative (WRI) a. Utilize WRI as a tool to improve deer habitat with all partners across the state b. Continue to support and provide leadership for WRI, which emphasizes improving sagebrush-steppe, aspen, and riparian habitats throughout Utah c. Work with land management agencies, conservation organizations, private landowners, and local leaders through the regional WRI teams working groups to identify and prioritize mule deer habitats that are in need of enhancement or restoration (Figure 6). Emphasis should be placed on crucial habitats which include summer range habitats such as improving aspen, winter ranges sagebrush habitats, and improving riparian areas. d. Work with partners such as NRCS and university extension to increase landowner participation in the Watershed Restoration Initiative programe. Initiate broad scale vegetative treatment projects to improve and restore mule deer habitat with emphasis on drought or fire damaged sagebrush winter ranges, ranges that have been taken over by invasive annual grass species, and ranges being diminished by encroachment of conifers into sagebrush or aspen habitats, ensuring that seed mixes contain sufficient forbs and browse species f. Encourage land managers to manage portions of pinyon-juniper woodlands and aspen-conifer forests in early successional stages using various methods including timber harvest and managed fire g. Support post-fire rehabilitation on crucial mid/low elevation deer ranges which are susceptible to weed invasion and loss of critical browse h. Continue to support conservation permit, wildlife habitat account, federal aid and other funding sources which provide critical funding for habitat improvement efforts i. Explore opportunities to engage with non-traditional users to fund habitat improvements j. Continue to seek new funding sources for habitat improvement projects k. Financially support early planning (NEPA) and/or clearances needed to implement habitat treatments. Fillmore Pahvant/Oak Creek Deer Herd Management Plan Unit #21 (2015) - Habitat Management Objectives -- Encourage vegetation manipulation projects and seeding to increase the availability, abundance, and nutritional content of browse, grass, and forb species. Strategies: Habitat Protection, Improvement and Maintenance - Reduce expansion of Pinyon-Juniper woodlands into sagebrush habitats and improve habitats dominated by Pinyon-Juniper woodlands by completing habitat restoration projects like lop & scatter, bullhog and chaining projects; maintain summer fawning areas by increasing beneficial habitat work in summer and transitional habitat areas.(p3-4) Information from the new Mule Deer Management Plan 2025-2030 sates on page 9: B. Water Distribution Water is a fundamental need for mule deer (Larsen et al. 2023). When browse, forbs, and grasses consumed by mule deer have high water content, mule deer don't need to drink as they can obtain adequate amounts of water from their food. However, when forage contains only limited amounts of water, access to drinking water becomes important. The spatial distribution of mule deer populations is often positively associated with the availability of water in arid regions of western North America (Hervert and Krausman 1986, Boroski and Mossman 1996). Consequently, recent work by state wildlife agencies depicts large expanses of the Intermountain West ecoregion as water-limiting to mule deer (Wasley et al. 2008). Wildlife water developments, or guzzlers, can help provide water to mule deer in arid areas, but need to be designed and placed in areas conducive to use by mule deer. To maximize benefits to mule deer, guzzlers should be built in areas used by females with young and spaced less than 5 km from other water sources. Fencing should be of sufficient size to allow access (Krausman et al. 2006, Larsen et al. 2011, Shields et al. 2012). Utah Wild Turkey Management Plan Newly treated areas through fire or mechanical means will attract use by wild turkey which are abundant on Oak Creek Management Unit. Insects and new growth will be readily available to support turkey populations, also the availability of more water in the Church Hills, Clay Springs, Leamington Canyon, Whiskey Creek and Long Canyon areas. shrub/browse species allows for improved cover for nesting in the spring. UDWR Wildlife Action Plan This project is geared toward meeting the goals found within this plan for a variety of wildlife species from large to small. The entire proposed project area is found within a UWRI conservation focus area. *This plan is consistent with the Fishlake National Forest Plan for wildlife habitat enhancement and fuels management to improve habitat, reduce fuel loading, and protect against catastrophic wildfire. *Other project have been completed by the Forest Service and UDWR in past years within the Leamington Canyon, Fool Creek Peak, Long Canyon and Whiskey Creek HUC 12 area. *Project within the are also benefit the management plans objectives of the lower Sevier River Watershed, as this will reduced sediment run off and create a healthy rangeland communities. *Management Plans are also in conjunction with NRCS overall goals of healthy rangelands and communities, improving watersheds and reducing erosion and sediment. The Natural Resources Conservation Service provides leadership in a partnership effort to help people conserve, maintain, and improve our natural resources and environment *FFSL CWPP Process is a local Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) is a collaborative plan created by the fire department, state and local forestry, land managers, community leaders, and the public. The planning process maps values at risk, and requires actions to reduce risk, such as prescribed burning, fuel reduction, or other measures that adapt a community to better confront their wildfire threat. *Area is also part of the Millard RWPP FFSL Plan which was implemented in 2014, there are Wildfire Codes and Ordinances associated with this plan. Project would also be relevant to NCS Goals and supported through the FS National Cohesive Strategies. CAT FIRE Objectives and Strategies: In 2013, the State of Utah developed the Catastrophic Wildfire Reduction Strategy (CAT FIRE) in response to the severe 2012 fire season. Reducing the catastrophic wildfire requires attention to three interdependent goals identified in the National Cohesive Wildfire Management Strategy -- Restore and Maintain Landscapes, Fire Adapted Communities, and Wildfire Response. These goals have been embraced throughout the development of the state's CAT FIRE strategy. Mitigation of hazardous fuels can change fire behavior making it easier to suppress. The effects of the mitigation, however, are not limited to life and property safety but will also affect forest health, water quality, vegetative species abundance, etc. As we continue to implement projects across the landscapes in Utah, the only way to truly be successful is to integrate existing programs, utilize local and federal partners and continue to educate the general public to create the desired shift towards more resilient communities and ecosystems. We have also added to the documents tab the Millard County Plan that addresses these types of habitat projects along with edits from the State of Utah Resource Management Plan. **Attached below is information from the Statewide Bighorn Sheep Plan: Bighorn sheep are uniquely adapted to inhabit some of the most remote and rugged areas in Utah. They exist in some of the most hostile climatic conditions ranging from the hot, dry canyonlands of southern Utah to the cold, snowy alpine regions of Utah's northern mountains. Bighorns are sometimes referred to as a wilderness species because of the naturally remote and inaccessible areas they inhabit. Bighorns prefer open habitat types with adjacent steep rocky areas for escape and safety. Habitat is characterized by rugged terrain including canyons, gulches, talus cliffs, steep slopes, mountaintops, and river benches (Shackleton et al. 1999). The diet of mountain sheep is comprised primarily of grasses and forbs, although sheep may also utilize shrubs depending on season and availability. Most Rocky Mountain bighorns typically have seasonal migrations with established winter and summer ranges, whereas most desert bighorns generally do not have distinct summer and winter migrations. Extensive historical bighorn habitat occurs throughout Utah (Figure 1). However, not all habitat is currently suitable for reestablishment of bighorn populations. Vegetative changes, human encroachment, and domestic sheep grazing make some areas unsuitable for bighorn restoration. Habitat management practices include voluntary grazing allotment conversions from domestic sheep to cattle, vegetative treatments, and water developments. UDWR considers grazing conversions and restrictions "involuntary" when the party negotiating for the conversion/restriction threatens to seek more burdensome grazing restrictions, reductions, or conversions in court or through other regulatory means unless the livestock grazer consents to the requested conversion/restriction. UDWR, in partnership with conservation groups and land managers has been extremely helpful in negotiating, funding, and participating in habitat projects. Habitat Degradation or Loss: Bighorn Sheep habitat can be degraded, fragmented, or lost to a variety of causes including human disturbance, energy development, and natural succession. Reductions in the quality or quantity of habitat can result in corresponding losses to bighorn populations (DeForge 1972, Hamilton et al. 1982). Human disturbance may cause bighorn sheep to change use areas and abandon certain habitats because of those disturbances. Loss of preferred habitat can compel bighorns into habitats that reduce productivity, decrease survival rates, and increase risk of pathogen transmission. Human disturbance is also thought to be a possible stress inducer, which may lead to disease problems in some populations (DeForge 1981, Bunch et al. 1999). Working with federal land management agencies to protect the habitat needed for healthy herds may improve herd health. Plant succession can also dramatically affect habitat quality. Encroachment by pinyon-juniper and other shrubs has resulted in the fragmentation and loss of large expanses of bighorn habitat. Vegetative treatments, including fire management and mechanical treatments, can restore and improve bighorn habitat to its condition prior to settlement times. Habitat Management Goal: Provide good quality habitat for healthy populations of bighorn sheep. Objective: Maintain or improve bighorn sheep habitat to enhance individual herd success and thereby promote the overall sustainability of bighorn sheep statewide. Strategies: a. Identify valuable bighorn sheep habitats and work with land managers and private landowners to protect and enhance these areas. b. Assist land management agencies in monitoring bighorn sheep habitat. Habitat monitoring by the land management agencies will be contingent on available funding and personnel. c. Work with land managers to minimize and mitigate loss of bighorn habitat due to human disturbance and development. d. Initiate vegetative treatment projects to improve bighorn habitat lost to natural succession or human impacts. e. Under the correct circumstances, encourage land management agencies to allow fires to burn when such action improves bighorn sheep habitat. f. Improve or maintain existing water sources and develop new water sources as needed to improve distribution and abundance of bighorn sheep. g. Support research and monitoring efforts to evaluate bighorn sheep use of water sources to ensure the water sources are having the desired effect. h. Work with land management agencies and private landowners to voluntarily implement agency guidelines for management of domestic sheep and goats in bighorn areas similar to those proposed by the WAWFA Wild Sheep Working Group. i. Support conservation groups' efforts to pursue willing conversions of domestic sheep grazing allotments by working with willing permittees in bighorn areas to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission. j. Inform and educate the public concerning the needs of bighorn sheep including the effects of human disturbance and the need for habitat improvements. k. Create preferred habitat for bighorn sheep in areas not proximate to domestic sheep and goats to attract bighorns away from risks of pathogen transmission.

Fire and fuel loading is always a concern, guzzlers are made of materials that will burn in a major wildfire event. UDWR/BLM/USFS have all replaced and or repaired guzzler, pipelines, and watering troughs due to wildfires. Looking for opportunities to reduce the threat and or damage to the guzzler due to wildfire is critical in picking locations for the guzzlers, although a wildfire may occur at any time and within any habitat type the threat is real. Opportunities to reduce wooded fuels may be addressed during the installation. During habitat treatments, fuel reduction within the foot print of the guzzler location may occur allowing for a buffer to reduce the threat of wildfire and the loss of the guzzler and apron.

Water Quality and Quantity should defiantly be increased with the installation of these two (2) big game guzzlers. As we install the Boss Tank type guzzlers the storage capacity will be around 1,800 gallons, a metal oversized apron will be used to catch the rain water. As monsoonal rain events, and winter snow is collected from the apron it will allow the tank to be flushed out, creating improved water quality for wildlife that will be utilizing the guzzler. Stored water from the rain/snow events will allow the water to remain confined thus increasing the quantity of the water storage that is available for wildlife during critical times of the year.

These two guzzlers will be installed in the same locations as previous water catchments were located. In talking with Eric Reid, (BLM Assistant Field Manager Fillmore District) he is aware of the need for the replacement/installation of the two new guzzlers and is willing to address the NEPA and Culture Resources issues for us prior to installing the new Boss Tank Guzzlers. The BLM is excited about this project and looking forward to having water back in these locations. Project Manager will also work with and facilitate the Culture Survey work with Arie Leaflang (UDWR Archeologist) making sure all compliances are met before installation. The BLM feels that we can cover these two water catchments under the BLM's Maintenance CX.

Methods for the installation of the two (2) Big Game Guzzlers will consist of renting a min excavator to perform the necessary dirt work to sent the tank approximately 20-24" deep. This allows for the bottom of the tank to be plumbed and level, and less exposure to the weather. Once the tank is level, the next step is to square up the apron over the guzzler this will shade most of the guzzler from the sun and allow the water to remain cool in the summer months. Next will be to construct the metal purlins and posts, once that is finished and in place the metal sheeting will go on and be fastened to the purlins. At the front of the guzzler close to the open drinker a rain gutter will be installed, this will allow for all rain water and snow to be collected from the apron and deposited into the guzzler. Backfilling of the guzzler with left over dirt will allow for increased insulation and colder water temperatures moving forward. Rocks spaced accordingly can be used around the drinker portion of the guzzler to allow less soil disturbance and it just gives the guzzler a finished look. Once completed we will install a three rail lodge pole fence around the guzzler allowing only wildlife to enter and drink from the stored water. The lodge pole fence will exclude livestock that may graze in the area, this will allow livestock from utilizing the water and drinking it dry.

Once installed the monitoring aspect of the big game guzzler should be relatively minimal. UDWR and the BLM will continue to monitor for big game use, along with other wildlife usage. The opportunity to utilize trail cameras maybe used to collect data on the functionality of the guzzlers, allowing us to determine if the guzzler is a success or if modification may need to be made. Once installed the guzzler will be entered into a UDWR guzzler application that allows for critical information to be entered and repairs to be addressed as need in the future.

Partners for this project will consist of UDWR, Fillmore BLM along with vested Sportsman Groups. We have been successful in working with the fore mentioned partners to implement good projects within the Oak Creek WMU the past few years, additional support has been leveraged through great partnerships looking for projects that will provide benefits to the local community, that help to improve wildlife habitats within Millard County. Great efforts and strides have been made by Sportsman Organizations to improve the overall goals and objectives to increase and sustain wildlife through these types of projects. Past water enhancement project such as the Church Hills Project (WRI #5748) and the Holden Springs Water Enhancement Project (WRI#7061) and the Mineral Range Water Enhancement Project (WRI #6737) that have been funded through the UDWR Habitat Council, FNAWS, NWTF, RMEF, SFW, MDF, and Safari Club International. Great partnership make great projects, this guzzler project is just another addition that will provide much needed water within critical areas of the Oak Creek Management Unit, and be utilized by big and small game wildlife species for many years to come. WE APPRECIATE YOUR SUPPORT EACH AND EVERY YEAR ON PROJECTS LIKE THESE. THANK YOU!!!

Future Management of this Big Game Guzzler will be overseen by the UDWR and the Fillmore BLM. We will continue to monitor the success of the two guzzlers and the wildlife use that they receive. The opportunity to fix and repair the lodge pole fence will be critical, making sure livestock are excluded and address any unforeseen issues that may arise and or need to be addressed. These type of guzzler offer little to no maintenance, some issues may arise such as the need to remove debris from the rain gutter, or fix loose tin may need some attention. Overall we like these types of guzzler due to the fact that little to no maintenance is required to keep them functioning correctly.

This project will be a great asset to help benefit the States Wildlife Species specifically mule deer, elk, wild turkey, and pronghorn. In addition additional wildlife species will benefit like raptors, migratory birds, small mammals, predator species such as cougars, and bobcats just to name a few. By increasing the need for water in critical areas of the Oak Creek Management Unit we should expect to see increased production and survival from all wildlife species specifically big game animals. Wildlife will defiantly benefit from the additional water within this area, limited water sources are available, by increasing distribution this will allow for increased fawn and calf survival as well as overall population health within our mule deer and elk populations. Opportunities for water in the spring/summer/fall will allow wild turkey's and their chicks the opportunity to forage for insects and bugs having additional sources of open water from the guzzlers. Other sustainable resources will include but not limited to hunting both big game and small game, hiking , wood cutting both cedar post and cedar fence stays. Horseback riding and mountain biking, as well as the need to enjoy the outdoors camping and spending time with family. Millard County has a ATV/UTV Jamboree each year and the overwhelming access points run though this area and receive a lot of use.